What is a common characteristic of out-group members according to LMX?

In the context of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory, out-group members are typically characterized by their lower level of interaction and relationship quality with their leaders compared to in-group members. They often lack the trust and mutual respect that define the high-quality exchanges seen in these better relationships.

Out-group members may have less compatible working relationships with their leaders due to a variety of factors, such as differing values, communication styles, or performance levels. This limited compatibility can result in less favorable treatment and fewer opportunities for involvement in decision-making processes. As a result, these individuals might feel more alienated or distanced from the leadership circle, which can impact their overall engagement and satisfaction within the organization.

Understanding this characteristic is important for fostering a more inclusive environment and improving relationships within teams, as it highlights the need for leaders to actively work on building strong connections with all team members to enhance overall performance and morale.